solar system second sun

The Second Sun

A study shows that there was a second sun (star) in the solar system used to orbit in the asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter, around 200 million years ago.

Published: January 15, 2014
Last Updated: September 10, 2019

The full report in a single page
The report by parts (toc, summary, etc. in separate pages)
Scroll down for a short summary

  What Causes Lightning Strikes? (Published: June 20, 2018)
The dominant theory suggests static electricity in clouds, experiments have shown that this theory is incorrect...
   

 

It started orbiting the existing sun after losing the most of its mass
second sun asteroid belt

 

 

The materials orbiting now in the asteroid belt are remains of the second sun
second sun asteroid belt companion star
Space observations have shown that the source of the material that makes debris disks (asteroid belts) is a companion dying star. So if there were no companion star (second sun) in the solar system, the asteroid belt wouldn't have existed!

It is true that putting all the objects in the asteroid belt together will "not" make them a big star, and not even a small star in the size of the moon, but the objects themselves are remains of a star, signs of a star.

 

 

Why is Mars smaller than Earth?
Why is Mars Smaller than Earth?
Based on the arrangement of the inner planets, we see that the closer the inner planet to the Sun, the smaller it is; and the farther the bigger. Mars is the farthest inner planet from the Sun, so it should be bigger than Earth, but it is smaller!

It is the second sun that prevented Mars from having the size that is supposed to have.

The moon was originally the first planet next to the sun!

 

 

The Gas Planets
The Gas Planets
Unlike the inner planets, the sizes of the gas planets are in reverse order: the planet that is closer to the Sun, the bigger it is; not just bigger, but too much bigger! Jupiter has a mass of about 317 the mass of Earth. The Great Red Spot itself is so big that three Earths would fit in it easily. Saturn's mass is about 95 the mass of Earth.

Gases from the dying second sun attracted to gas planets and increased their mass and gas volume.

 

 

Heat Transfer
heat transfer
What happens if you boil water on fire? You see the water vapor goes to the ceiling; and if the ceiling is divided into two parts, one part is cold and the other is hot, you will see most of the water vapor goes to the cold part. The second law of thermodynamics explains this process as follows: heat flows spontaneously from a hot to a cold body.

The Gas Planets

The second sun, by the end of its life, failed to burn fuel and convert it to light; so where do you think the hot fuel will go? To the cold body! And that is exactly what happened, most of the remaining fuel, rust and dust, have gone to the cold bodies, Jupiter and Saturn, so their size and mass increased; Uranus and Neptune were not affected that much because they are very far away from the asteroid belt, the final orbit of the second sun.

 

 

Jupiter was the smallest gas planet, Neptune was the biggest.
Jupiter was the smallest gas planet, Neptune was the biggest.

 

 

Why is Mars Red?
Why is Mars Red?
Because it is covered with a layer of iron oxide (rust). Iron oxide is a product of dying stars.

 

 

Percentage of rust on the surfaces of the inner planets
Percentage of rust on the surfaces of the inner planets
The inner planet that is closer to the asteroid belt, the more percentage of rust it has on its surface, and as we move away from Mars toward Mercury, the amount of rust decreases. This shows that the source of rust was very close to Mars, from the other side (between Mars and Jupiter).

 

 

What happened to the atmosphere of Mars?
What happened to the atmosphere of Mars?
The solar wind of the second sun destroyed the atmosphere of Mars, just like what the solar wind of the existing sun have done to the atmosphere of Mercury and that of the moon when the moon was the first planet next to the sun.

 

 

Planets of the second sun: currently moons of Jupiter and Saturn
planets of the second sun: Europa, Io, Callisto, Titan, Ganymede
planets of the second sun

 

 

The solar system might have been in this layout when the second sun was fully functioning, in a binary star system, each sun has five planets.
The solar system binary star system

 

 

The Permian - Triassic Extinction Event
Extinction Event
This mass extinction was caused by the dying second sun, it took the Earth 30 million years to recover. The long lasting period of the extinction indicates that the cause was present all of this time.

QUOTE: "It was almost the perfect crime. Some perpetrator -- or perpetrators -- committed murder on a scale unequaled in the history of the world. They left few clues to their identity, and they buried all the evidence under layers and layers of earth. The case has gone unsolved for years -- 250 million years, that is."
science.nasa.gov

 

 

The earth had no metal at all before 200 million years, not even inside the earths' internal layers.
earth inner core, earth layers
The earth inner core, that is thought to be made of iron and nickel, isn't as old as the earth itself, as some might think, but it is an added part at a very late time, and it is getting bigger. Some scientists give it an age of about 500 million years only, compared to the Earth estimated age of 4 billion years.

At the end of its life, the second sun failed to convert gamma rays to light. These strong gamma rays have hit the earth and the other inner planets directly, interacted with gases inside the earth's internal layers, the gases expanded, the earth's crust opened up in some places. Rocks from the second sun have fallen from the sky and entered the earths' internal layers from the open areas. The rocks melted and released their metals. The released metal concentrated in the center of the earth, which is the center of mass, and started to form the inner core. The melted rocks are still releasing metal now, so the inner core of Earth is getting bigger.

200 million years ago the earth's gravity was very low, because the inner core was very small. If the dinosaurs weren't very large animals, their life on a low gravity Earth could have been impossible.

It is thought that dying stars do not produce solid materials, rocks and metal asteroids, but observations of dying stars elsewhere in space have shown rocks and metals orbiting dying stars. These solid materials are products of the dying stars themselves, and not of nearby destroyed planets, as assumed. Not all stars are the same. Some maybe destroying planets, but not all.

When the second sun entered the death stage, it has become like a nuclear reactor creating chemical atoms. It created all kinds of chemical elements, including hydrogen and oxygen. These two elements combined to form H2O (water vapor). This water vapor got frozen in space, and then some of it has fallen on the inner planets as ice asteroids. Most of it has gone to the gas planets. On Earth, these ice asteroids created oceans. There were no oceans on Earth before 200 million years.

Some other chemical elements have combined together and created rocks that make up rocky mountains, and then fallen on Earth and the other inner planets. These rocks are the same as the rocks orbiting now in the asteroid belt. The earth had no rocky mountains 200 mya, but only sandstones.

Some rocks have created mountains, others have gone inside the earth's internal layers and melted there, and then reproduced to form lowlands (the seafloor).

earth expanded

As a result of the added materials, the earth has expanded. The Earth expanded once only, and not continuously expanding, as suggested by the Expanding Earth Theory.

The ocean waters cause continents to drift. There was no continental drift before the expansion of earth, 200 mya.

Ocean Tides cause continental drift
ocean tides

The ocean tides, the rise and fall of sea level, move a large volume of water from one place to another. This process is like applying alternating forces on an object continuously, making the object in an unstable state. The object here is the ocean crust, and the alternating force is the ocean water.

The hot magma inside the earth's interior moves in an opposite direction to the movement of the large volume of water. The movement of water and magma causes the seafloor to be recycled in one place, in an ocean trench, and reproduced in another place, from an ocean ridge. This leads the ocean floor to shrink in one place, and expand in another. So if there is no rise and fall of sea level (no movement of water), there will not be any magma movement, and therefore there will not be any tectonic activities at all.

It has been noticed that ocean tides trigger earthquakes at ocean ridges, when the tide at the ridges is low. There must be a large volume of water sitting on trenches somewhere else, and that forced magma to come out, causing earthquake, and also the seafloor to spread slightly, at the ridges, where the ocean tide is low. This phenomenon shows a direct relation between ocean tides and the tectonic activities.

Why is the continental (land) crust not destroyed and recycled like the oceanic crust, expanding in one place and shrinking in another, with trenches like in the ocean? Not because it is thicker, but simply because it is in a stable state. No alternating forces are applied on it.

Mars Expanded!!
mars lowlands

Not just the Earth, the other inner planets have also expanded. The lowlands (blue) on the other planets, which are equivalent to the ocean floor on Earth, are added parts. All lowlands, in all planets, are younger in age than the highlands.

According to the crater counting technique, the surface of a planet with less craters must be younger than the surface on the same planet with more craters. Mars lowland is much smoother than the highland, with very few craters, which indicates that it is much younger than the highland. Mars expanded.

Frozen water on Mars: "More than 21 million km3 of ice have been detected at or near the surface of Mars, enough to cover the whole planet to a depth of 35 meters (115 ft)." (wikipedia.org)

Most of the frozen waters deposited on Mars, in the form of ice asteroids, have melted, and then evaporated to space, because of the thin atmosphere of the planet, but Earth preserved the received water. The water covered the whole planet Earth. Traces of this water can be found now in many places on Earth, but scientists assume that the traces are of ancient oceans.

There is no difference between the assumed ancient oceans on Earth and those that have supposedly existed on Mars in ancient times. The traces of water in these two planets are not of real oceans, but of a large volume of water that has fallen as ice from the sky, stayed temporary in some areas, and then shifted place gradually over thousands of years, but on Mars, it has evaporated to space. The thickness of the atmosphere of Mars is less than 1% of that of Earth, so it didn't help the planet to keep the received water.

 

 

No rocky mountain is older than 200 million years

Few Rocks: "there are few 250 million-year-old rocks left on Earth. Most have been recycled by our planet's tectonic activity" - (science.nasa.gov)

The absence of rocks is attributed to a theory that has NOT been proven to exist before 200 million years.

The few rocks in the quote above are very likely asteroids, or incorrectly dated rocks, but not remains of the supposed ancient rocky mountains.

 

 

Volcanism all over the Earth during the Triassic Extinction
Volcanism
QUOTE: "The Earth was engulfed in widespread volcanism at the time of the extinction"
(science.nasa.gov)

Volcanism wasn't the only event to happen during the extinction, 200 mya, but other major events have also taken place in the same time: mountains were rising, the ocean floor was forming, and the earth was taking a completely different shape, so how to explain all of this happening simultaneously? There must be a one factor only that has caused this combination to happen together.

 

 

The solar system is no exception: "Our planet was born as a ball of rock orbiting a single star. Or was it? New research from UC Berkeley and Harvard University suggests that almost all stars are born in pairs, including our own."
popularmechanics.com

 

 

The full report in a single page
The report by parts (toc, summary, etc. in separate pages)
facebook Timeline

 

The Second Sun Report archive file on archive.org

 

 

 

Keywords: asteroid belt, solar system second sun, asteroid belt sun, plate tectonics, inner planets, earth solar system, expanding earth, earth geology, the Permian Triassic extinction event, rust on Mars, atmosphere of Mars, gas planets, Europa, Io, Callisto, Titan, Ganymede, moons of Jupiter, moons of Saturn, binary star system.

 

 

 

 

Script:DoSize3